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The present study addressed whether and to what extent this new peptide affects membrane permeation or combines with bacterial DNA and how it relates to cell viability and morphological changes of treated bacteria.
To visualize the nuclear fragmentation of apoptotic cells, the typical changes of treated A549 cells were related with chromatin condensation, nuclear peripheral aggregation, and nuclear fragmentation using an inverted fluorescence microscope (Fig. 8).
The results are summarised in Figure 4. Bi-C595 causes morphological changes of treated cancer cells and induces apoptosis.
Figure 2 shows several morphological changes of treated and untreated CEMss cells at 24, 48 and 72 h post-treatment under 400 X magnification.
The final obtained Ct values (using the automated threshold determination feature of the Rotor-Gene 6000 software) were corrected for the housekeeping gene GapC and normalized to control levels to obtain average fold changes of treated plants.
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The frequent changes of treating dentists can also have had an impact on the treatment decision.
The levels of the reference transcripts did not change significantly by CHX treatment, as validated by the 2−CT method, P-values were calculated by Student's t-test: fold change of treated samples compared with DMSO-treated samples was 1.2 for ENO2 (P=0.6), 1.5 for NEFM (P=0.5) and 1.1 for Actb (P=0.4).
As expected, ActD treatment did not change the levels of RNA polymerase III-transcribed reference genes, calculated at 8 h treatment: fold change of treated samples compared with non-treated samples for 7SLRNA was 0.95 (P=0.4) in the cortical neurons and 0.92 (P=0.4) in the PC6 cells.
For B – D, the logarithm (log2) of the fold change of treated to vehicle across intermediates in glycolysis is shown for each concentration of compound denoted in the figure legend.
The fold change are of treated versus untreated cells from young (3 month) or old (15 month) rats.
Other reasons included change of treating physician (7.8%), patient withdrawal (2.8%), loss to follow-up (3.1%), patient death (0.2%), unknown reasons (1.3%) or other reasons (1.1%).
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