In hypoxia, NAD+/NADH ratio changes, levels of ATP and lactate decrease and increase respectively [29,30].
PPARα activation changes levels of mRNA of genes involved with several detoxification/ biotransformation system components in carp.
We measured sputum IL-8 and TNF-α to determine whether acquisition of M catarrhalis changes levels of airway inflammation.
Stress exposure also changes levels of these and other cytokines in rheumatic patients, but results are much less consistent [ 2].
In general, the viability test showed unaffected or significant higher changes levels of cell viability after exposure to peptides.
The fold-change level of rpdA (Afu2g03390) was the highest among the 31 histone-related genes (Table S5).
Among the 31 genes, the fold-change level of rpdA (Afu2g03390), a histone deacetylase gene, was the highest based on our microarray data (Table S5, Fig. 5).
Nevertheless, 55.6% is highly significant above the change level of 4.75%.
The rate of environmental change, level of genetic variation, source-sink structure, and dispersal rates mediate between these potential outcomes.
A false discovery rate of 1% and a fold-change level of 1.5 were used as cutoff values.
