Therefore, we use a grid search (with step size ) to identify the interval in which the subgradient of dual function changes its sign, and it is used as initial bisection search interval.
Therefore, by virtue of the assumptions ℓ 0 ∈ P a b and h 0 ∈ P F a b, it follows from Definition 2.1 that u changes its sign.
Therefore, by virtue of the assumption ℓ 0 ∈ P a b, it follows from Definition 2.1 that u changes its sign.
In other words, it is the number of times the signal changes its sign per time unit.
Set δ a = γ cos ( μ φ + φ 0 ), where γ = α 2 + β 2, μ > 1, φ ∈ [ 0, 2 π ). It is easy to know that δ a changes its sign on each interval I ⊂ [ 0, 2 π ) satisfying μ ⋅ m I > π, where mI denotes the linear measure of the interval I. Lemma 2.4 ([15]).
(1.3) It is worth to notice that the Green's function changes its sign in this paper.
When the temperature is higher than that of the source (as it is the case for T L), the heat flux changes its sign; for the cost to remain positive, the function f also needs to change its sign.
We find that the N S asymmetry of Hα filaments changes its sign during the 22-year cycle.
In the temperature field, the meridional gradient changes its sign near the cloud-top level (∼70 km).
When handling constraints, if prospective constraint variables show such nonlinearity, control problems may arise because the steady state gain changes its sign.
Most of the troughs are seen within the dusk cell and the pattern of trough observations rotates with the convection pattern, when By changes its sign.
