Sentence examples for changes in the traits from inspiring English sources

Mathematical theory has also indicated that, given the right conditions, divergence is expected to occur readily between competing species by a coevolutionary sequence of reciprocal changes in the traits used to consume resources (Taper and Case 1985; Abrams 1986b; Doebeli 1996).

Within the same CO2 treatment, each of these traits was similar across 15 generations, demonstrating that changes in the traits induced by elevated CO2 failed to transfer from one generation to the next via reproduction.

The changes in the traits were then used to estimate parameters of mutation for each fitness component.

Third, if we combine a larvicide and a late-acting adulticide, resistance to the two insecticides might involve opposite changes in the traits associated with resistance.

A technique called RNA interference was used to lower the expression of the genes in different combinations, which made it possible to analyze any changes in the traits that occurred when particular genes were not working properly.

Rather, students think of a single process in which gradual changes in the trait, caused by the environment, occur over the entire species (Bishop and Anderson 1986 , 1990 also see results from statement 24; Table 2).

The eQTL analysis was performed using Plink's [30] assoc function for quantitative traits, which correlates allele dosage with changes in the trait.

Four studies found strong evidence that the phenotypic changes were not adaptive (i.e. changes in the trait were likely to be associated with a decline in fitness, see Fig. 3 for an example).

In contrast to most random regression type 'reaction norm' models which are often invoked for such analyses, the FA approach does not require a continuous 'control' variable and does not imply smooth changes in the trait.

We used phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLM), using the CAIC package [ 43] to model phylogenetic changes in the principal component axes identified above for "standing variation" against changes in the trait of interest (i.e. for each ecological trait, 4934 analyses each of n = 12), asking whether fitted lines systematically departed from zero.

On the other hand, nearly all (of the few) experimental studies inferring that particular traits have the potential to evolve in an adaptive way under global warming lack information on the realized temporal changes in these traits in the wild.