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Figure 12 Changes in stand density, without thinning, for all planted kauri stands.
Substantial changes in stand structure and other characteristics were noted for the thinning versus no-treatment scenarios.
Using "Monte-Carlo" simulations we analyze the theoretical response to current model settings assuming steadily decreasing changes in stand density.
This reduces the predictive ability of satellite-based models to estimate changes in stand volume (Donoghue and Watt 2006) and is particularly problematic in highly productive plantations.
The decline in production occurs in young forests, is substantial at young stand ages, and timing of decline can be altered simply by changes in stand density.
Although forest thinning generally had neutral or positive effects on fauna groups, individual species of lepidoptra [39] and birds [41] were positively or negatively affected by changes in stand structure.
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Type 2 responses are characterized by a real and sustained change in stand productivity.
The residuals from fitting this model were correlated with initial, and nominal change in stand density due to the thinning.
Using Model 4, the residuals were not correlated with predicted values, relative distance from the tip of the tree, 'growing space', initial stand density, nominal post-thinning stand density or change in stand density as defined above.
Except for the faster radial rate of decrease in MFA at a stand density 400 stems ha−1, there was essentially no change in rate of decline in MFA with change in stand density for trees from the GF25-rated seedlot (Figure 5b).
The maintenance of high productivity by fertiliser indicated that its application caused a sustainable change in stand productivity due to inducement of trees to develop a root system that can exploit mineral nutrients and moisture on site at full potential (Herbert and Schönau 1990).
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