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Because GS were housed together in a home pen and moved from this common home pen into testing arenas, significant differences in minimum, maximum, and nearest neighbor inter-individual distances suggest that birds adjusted their use of space in response to immediate changes in group size and EC.
We construct a dynamic scenario with sudden changes in group size over a simulation length of 6500 cycles (130 sec).
Changes in group size are due to students being absent from the seminar.
A general observation based on our results is that the two populations did not respond in the same way to changes in group size and species composition.
At the first glance it might seem to be surprising that changes in group size led to changes in the evolution of the contest strategy given that all other parameters were held constant.
Data were collected in the vicinity of the Simenti Centre de Recherche de Primatologie (CRP Simenti) from four groups of free-ranging green monkeys ("Simenti" 16 21 individuals; "Mare" 12 18 individuals; "Lions" 19 26 individuals; "Niokolo" 27 32 individuals; ranges reflect changes in group size over the duration of the study period).
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Both domestic and wild animals may respond to predators with adaptive behaviors such as increased vigilance [8] [10], grouping and changes in group sizes [11] [13], changes in habitat selection [5], [7], and various changes in movement patterns [14] [17].
There were often large changes in group sizes between years in our study population [ 54] and some data are separated by more than one year.
Also, a noticeably larger group size increase for all three category types (STEM, Non-STEM, and overall) is observed in the difference between the medium- and low-density STEM organizational models; this suggests the existence of a tipping point where change in group size occurs more rapidly.
Moreover, the introduced animal is faced with social stressors additional to those experienced by the familiar individuals, which could include an unfamiliar environment, separation from familiar group members, a change in group size and human handling (Zayan and Dantzer 1990; Newberry and Swanson 2001).
In general, changes in social strategies are related to variations in group size [ 20].
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