These two examples demonstrate how important is to consider that ExMVs released during cell purification may change cell surface phenotype.
(i) Extracellular solute-binding protein and binding-protein-dependent transport systems inner membrane component in COG G (Teth5142194-2202, Teth5140534 and Teth5141044) were upregulated, however the associated carbohydrate transport systems were not induced, suggesting changed cell surface interactions but not increased carbohydrate transports.
Proteasome inhibition has been shown to induce cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis, change cell-surface adhesion markers, and chemosensitize cells, leading to its development as a novel chemotherapy.
This was mainly attributable to the changes in cell surface characteristics, especially changes in the functional groups caused by L-cysteine.
The two assays complement each other by distinguishing changes in cell surface cleavage from other changes in the amount of AP-HB-EGF at the plasma membrane.
In-vitro studies of melanoma cells treated with Qsw lasers have found changes in cell surface integrin expression, with subsequent alteration of cell migration.
However, modifications to hepatocyte density in a conventional monolayer culture might also influence infection efficiency due to the resulting changes in hepatocyte survival, polarization and morphology, rather than in response to changes in cell surface pO2.
The variation in fluorescence responses as a function of small changes on cell surface GAGs demonstrates the ability of the sensor to detect subtle change in glycosylation.
In contrast, dramatic changes of cell surface structure occurred upon germination, the rodlet layer changing into a layer of amorphous material (Fig. 1b).
Park, D. et al. Characteristic Changes in Cell Surface Glycosylation Accompany Intestinal Epithelial Cell (IEC) Differentiation: High Mannose Structures Dominate the Cell Surface Glycome of Undifferentiated Enterocytes.
