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Reviews that were judged as having a major change were categorised as having a changed conclusion.
From the updated reviews, we estimated that 9% had changed conclusion.
Of the 254 updated reviews with and without new studies included, only 23 (9%) had a changed conclusion.
Of the 108 reviews where there was no change in the statistical significance, 10 reviews changed conclusion (9.3%).
For the 11 reviews where there was a change in statistical significance of the summary statistic for the primary outcome, four reviews changed conclusion (36.4%).
It is possible that the percentage of reviews that changed conclusion may differ in the reviews that had not been updated.
Similar(49)
Very few updated reviews had changed conclusions, and those that did showed large quantitative changes.
No other DIF adjustments changed conclusions although most changed the effect size.
These analyses did not give substantially changed conclusions (data not shown).
Even so, the use of statistical analyses that adhere more closely to reality than a simple OLS model changed conclusions.
The example in which PKPD modeling was used rather than direct summarization of washout data was interesting as it changed conclusions regarding safety margins.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com