The selectivity can be changed by ion-exchange of the incorporated counter-ions in the zeolite lattice.
The pore openings ruling the accessibility of the internal surface may be subtly changed by ion-exchange, post impregnation or chemical reaction with specific compounds, (pore size engineering).
Its regulators are changed by age, ions, hormones and growth factors.
Physical properties of the core surface were changed by precipitation of ions.
We considered that the principle of the electrical conductivity in polymeric gels can be changed by doping static (inactive) ions having counter ions as charge carriers and these gels can be used to form pn junctions that work similar to inorganic semiconductors.
On the other hand, the cell structure will be drastically changed by H+ and OH− ions if they are incorporated in the film system, leading to degradation of the Cd2+ ion lattices in case the hydration effect predominates in the HTT process.
Also the properties of ChGs can be changed by external light-, electror-, or ion-beam source resulting in change of refractive index, optical transmittance, volume (thickness), and viscosity [6, 16, 17].
Also, we measured the surface microstructure changes by ion beam using XPS, Raman spectroscopy and AFM analysis.
A thin Nafion® ion exchange membrane was coated on a graphite electrode, and then impregnated by a metal complex couple of Os(bpy 32+/3+, which served as a typical system to investigate the water content change induced by ion exchange.
The results show that grain growth is the main microstructural change induced by ion irradiation in the material, regardless of the ion utilized in this work.
