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Amino acids changed at position 163 of VP2 (Pro to Gln; position 557 of VP3 (Asp to His); and positions 587, 595, 663, 710, 739, 809 and 811 of VP1 (Pro to Gln, Pro to Gln, Lys to Glu, Arg to Gln, Pro-Gln, Glu to Lys and Ser to Pro, respectively) could significantly alter the global structure of the viral capsid and cause the virus to switch from the A to the B genotype.
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This data was used to determine how the usage of homogeneous codons changed at positions immediately followed by one or more nucleotides of the same type.
Mutations introduced were an A to G change at position 845 of the N ORF, and an A to C change at position 866, creating a unique ApaI restriction site.
Interestingly, the change in promoter activity could be singled out to just one nt exchange being an A to G change at position 78.
Amino acid changes supporting region specificity were a Leu to a Ileu at amino acid position 75, which were unique to F1-F5 sequences; and Phe to Leu change at position 63, which grouped H1-H5 sequences from others.
The double mutants of E2F sites in the pCCNE1, which changed TGTCCCGC at position +7 to TGTCATGC and changed GCGCGCAA at position +497 to GCGATCAA, were performed by site-directed mutagenesis using the megaprimer-PCR method as described previously [48].
Thus, specific permutations of sequence change (rather than change at silent positions) would facilitate neutral drift during evolution.
Two of these changes are non-synonymous, and the change at position 700 also results in changing the polarity of the encoded amino acid (alanine to threonine).
And last year, a study in PloS Pathogens hinted that a change at position at 677 could do the same.
The serine to glycine change at position 291 (S291G) in the AChE gene was found previously in an azinphosmethyl-resistant strain of CPB (AZ-R).
Double mutants combining the changes at position 119 of the PR and substitutions in the PR substrate binding pocket exhibited half-lives of up to ∼40 hours.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com