If mRNA levels changed within a range of approximately ± 35%, they were considered as stable/buffered (similar to ref. 13), (Fig. 5b and Supplementary Data 1).
The simulated result indicates that a 10-fold dilution would be sufficient to maintain the pH and Ω changes within a range of 0.2 and 0.8, respectively, which are regarded as constraints for safely discharging wastewater into the ocean.
When we explored how this rate changed within a range of different combinations of survival scenarios (all other vital rates remained equal as in further prospective models, see below), we found that the population increased (λ>1) only with very high values of adult survival (>0.93, Fig. 3).
For example, the endothelial and epithelial cell adhesion on OH-, COOH-, and NH2-terminated self-assembled monolayers does not significantly change within a 5° range, but it does change significantly with larger differences (e.g., 20 80°) in the surface wettability.
Absolute estimates of total costs were found to change within a limited range for each strategy (<€8,000 for on-demand, and <€10,000 for planned relaparotomy), whereas the relative difference between the two strategies remained stable (21%to22%21%to22%
Some of the most dramatic evolutionary changes within a species' range can occur at its distributional margins where individuals tend to be exposed to extreme environments within the species' range.
Normally, a temperature-dependent response is characterized by a critical solution temperature where the hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions abruptly change within a small temperature range [45, 49].
