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DcAvd provides a scaffold that can be modified not only to alternate affinity for a ligand, but also to change specificity – in other words to favour another ligand molecule instead of biotin.
To change specificity, an amino acid replacement must affect affinity for RE genotypes differently.
Therefore, when amino acid replacements change specificity or preference for REs, epistasis across the protein-DNA interface must be involved.
Moreover, the results of Grundy et al. [ 9, 12] imply that in principle the T-Box can change specificity easily.
In this study TaqII bifunctional REase was shown to change specificity in the presence of a cofactor analogue, SIN (enhanced by DMSO).
The results also suggest that the expression of other genes such as bona fide lignin biosynthesis genes may shift expression (change specificity) to other tissues to defend against pathogens.
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Candidate marker choice was determined by factors including fold-change, specificity, biological and clinical interest.
However, natural variation in Nod factor receptors that causes changed specificity has rarely been documented.
However, natural variation in NFRs that causes changed specificity has rarely been documented.
Mora et al [ 13] changed specificity between RF1 and RF2 by swapping 16 residues in the mRNA recognition domain using such a strategy.
In addition, a substitution of negative Glu residues with positive residues in the area of the mRNA recognition domain changes specificity of RFs [ 25, 26].
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