Also the soil in RO and RT were tilled more than that used for soyabean during temporary bed preparation resulting in a relatively faster decomposition leaving significantly lower levels of C compared to RS. Change of cropping systems from RR to other annual crops such as RT and RO reduced the soil C sequestration to a significant level after 10 years of cultivation.
In contrast the changes of crop combination and yield contributed to an increase in the crop water footprint.
Taken as a whole, our results suggest that several determinants of crop diversity, such as the shortening of crop sequences or the recurrence of epidemics of some pathogens, could differentially affect varietal choices of farmers and thus the spatial structuration of the temporal changes of crop diversity.
Wireless in-field sensing and control (WISC) software was designed by four major design factors that provide real-time monitoring and control of both inputs (field data) and outputs (sprinkler controls) by simple click-and-play menu using graphical user interface (GUI), and optimized to adapt changes of crop design, irrigation pattern, and field location.
This is emphasized by the impelling demand of climate resilient varieties because of the predicted impact of climate change on crop productivity together with the impending population demand.
Combining climate change, crop growth and crop disease models to predict impacts of climate change on crop diseases can guide planning of climate change adaptation strategies to ensure future food security.
We also use the biomass model to evaluate the consequences of possible effects of climate change on crop yields – as assessed by the dynamic global vegetation model LPJmL [40] – on biomass supply and bioenergy potentials.
Besides uncertainties in future development of drivers (climate change, CO2 fertilization effect, management, technological change), modelling of crop yields at large scales adds to the overall uncertainty as many processes are necessarily implemented only in a simplified manner.
Therefore, a fundamental understanding of the response of photosynthetic physiology and related gene expression under heat stress may help to improve the thermostability of plants and limit the adverse effects of climate change on crop yield.
