Then for the optimal TP, active nodes adaptively chose the data rate with the change of bit-error rate BER) performance.
PSNR Y ′ represents the impact of luma samples generated by embedding the samples, and PSNR Y represents the impact of luma samples generated with the original H.264/AVC encoder: (5) PSNR = 10 log max I i j 2 1 / M ∑ i M ∑ j N I i j − I i j ′ 2, (6) PSNR Y diff = PSNR Y ′ − PSNR Y. Equation (7) shows how to calculate the change of bit-rate (BRI).
The influence law of parameter change on bit stick-out is studied, including hydraulic parameters change, bit stick-out variation and running assembly structural change.
Change of one bit in the plaintext should make theoretically a 50% difference [22] in the bits of the cipher.
Nevertheless, note that our analytical framework can capture the change of the bit rate by dividing a time slot into several non-overlapping sub-intervals with different bit rates, at the cost of analytical complexity.
The mutations can affect the change of a bit of k 1 or k 2. The individuals (vectors) obtained from reproduction and mutation are evaluated, making the next generation.
where PsnrBrRatio is the ratio of PSNR change to the percentage of bit rate change.
In addition, the temperature changes of the bit cutters caused by their cutting action were also measured.
The use of the Gray code guarantees that an increment or decrement by one unit can always be achieved by the change of a single bit (a single "mutation"), while allowing other bits to have larger effects.
Since these protocols require exact matching of identifiers, they do not tolerate any errors in these identifiers: Due to the design specifications of cryptographic functions, the slightest input variation results in many changes to the output (ideally, a change of one input bit should cause a change in half of the output bits).
The change of weight on bit, rate of penetration and tool face of positive displacement motor under three different slide drilling manners are obtained.
