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However, only the change in item 3 (analysing/evaluating) is statistically significant.
Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests were conducted to determine pre-to-post change in item scores.
The interpretation of change in item values is illustrated in Table 1.
In order to visualize the change in item difficulty estimates, the baseline estimates were plotted against all other evaluation time points [ 54].
The main idea of the LLRA model is not to consider longitudinal change as a change in person parameters, but rather as a change in item parameters.
As the exclusion of triplets containing one-digit numbers resulted in a substantial change in item characteristics per experimental condition, a subset of 38 triplets was chosen from each condition for having matched stimulus properties (see Table 1).
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Material cultural researchers should continue to address correlated change in items of material culture within their wider cultural context (Bettinger 2009; Eldredge 2009).
To make such claims would be to assume a one-to-one correspondence between a one-unit change in items correct and a one-unit change in knowledge.
However, changing item positions can also result in changes in item difficulty as a result of the interaction of item positions and the latent trait (e.g., Debeer and Janssen 2013; Weirich et al. 2014).
The ERFs showed a level of sensitivity to changes in item familiarity superior to that reported previously in very similar studies where ERPs were acquired.
The present study used data collected from adolescents in eight countries in 2002, 2006 and 2010, and examined the construct validity of the FAS, by focusing on changes in item responses over time.
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