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The process is terminated when the change in function value is less than a pre-determined tolerance (10-6).
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The observed increases from baseline (biomarker at time 0, BM0) in VEGF (change in objective function value or ΔOFV = 52.4) and sKIT (ΔOFV = 31.8) concentrations over time in untreated patients were described by a linear disease progression model dependent on time (DP t)) with a common parameter (DPslope; Eq. 3).
The second criteria, ε2 (0.001), requires that the change in objective function value be less than a specified fraction of the magnitude of the objective function value.
Change in objective function value (ΔOFV) was calculated to assess the statistical significance of each covariate and to differentiate between theoretically equivalent models 28.
Evaluation and discrimination of intermediate models was based on standard statistical theory that the change in objective function value is approximately Chi-square distributed, with degrees of freedom corresponding to the difference in number of parameters [ 19].
Model development of the base and covariate models was guided by the change in objective function value (OFV), plausible parameter estimates, adequate parameter precision, and inspection of goodness-of-fit plots.
For ESCFR, its cost function can map small changes in nodal remaining energy to large changes in the function value.
Based on the changes in objective function value, a strong impact on pantoprazole oral clearance was observed in both homozygotes * 2/*2 and *17/*17, whereas in genotype *1/*2 the effect was significant, but less evident.
The greatest changes in pulmonary function values (decreases in FEV1 and FVC and an increase in SRaw) occurred on day 2 of multiday exposure in both the present and previous studies (Hackney et al. 1977; Christian et al. 1998; Jorres et al. 2000).
Multiple linear regression was used to compare changes in lung function values between group of workers adjusting for age and height.
Table 1 summarizes the parameter estimates and the changes in objective function values observed among all the models that were evaluated.
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