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For example, for item 13 on the assessment, we classified the correct answer as corresponding to the key concept Evolution by Natural Selection, and the three distractors were classified as aligning with three different misconceptions: Individuals change, Adaptive mutation, and Acquired traits (see Additional file 1: Table S4).
Relevant mental health outcomes include symptom change, adaptive functioning, subjective well-being and experience of recovery.
It is likely that inequities in these 'social determinants' of health also create inequities in climate change adaptive capacity.
Interspecific competition could change adaptive strategies of lineages in opposite directions, whereas environmental cues could lead to convergence in molecular mechanisms that underlie phenotypes (Losos et al., 1998).
In particular, although a huge number of studies have found evidence of climate-associated phenotypic trends (e.g., Parmesan and Yohe 2003), only a few have used the best methods for inferring genetic versus plastic change, adaptive versus nonadaptive responses, and specific environmental drivers.
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However, such an interpretation of phenotypic trends relies on two currently unaddressed questions: (i) are these phenotypic changes adaptive?
In this approach, yeast strains are exposed to long-term adaptive conditions during which beneficial genetic changes (adaptive mutations) are fixed in the population.
Finally, we note that increasing virulence in aged or chronically ill individuals might also occur by genetic changes (adaptive evolution) in infections with fast replicating organisms [ 38, 39].
Differential expression is only one step in understanding the genetic changes underlying adaptive phenotypic changes.
These initiatives experiment sociotechnical transformations and change through adaptive practices related to energy, transport, food, agriculture, environmental management, and livelihood.
We speculate that these protocols might change the adaptive value of the odour to the fly.
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