Our approach extends previous work by Hedges and others [18] [20] and uses weight functions to describe the chances of a study result to be published depending on its characteristics [10], [18] [20].
An odd handicap for comparative cognition in this context appears to be that modification or 'improvement' of an already used comparative paradigm, instead of merely replicating it in a new species, may increase the chances of a study to become published.
By allowing selection of a high-risk population, the study sample size can be lowered while still improving the chance of a positive study outcome.
Another strength is that the three authors independently screened all abstracts and full-text articles, minimizing the chance of a relevant study being excluded.
Similarly, since sudden childhood death is rare in this population and most cases are brought to hospital, the chance of a child in this study dying at home and not re-attending hospital is also small.
While eradication therapies that could significantly impact the latent reservoir may also have associated toxicities or unknown long-term effects, there is little chance of a health benefit for study participants in the initial trials.
A drug the U.S. government once branded "extremely dangerous and not fit for human consumption" deserves a second chance, a study of rats suggests.
She wrote her master's thesis on his later works, declined the chance of study for a PhD in order to commune with him more closely via fiction, and spent the next seven years paying deference in the writing of a feverish family saga, Trust – before briefly attempting to run in the opposite direction.
In all, 40 (77%) of the patient-information documents described the probability of receiving placebo via a statement that the subjects will have a 50% chance of receiving the study drug and a 50% chance of getting the placebo, while one statement explained: 'The odds of receiving the placebo are one to three'.
A U.S. high school student today stands a 70% likelihood of being taught English by a teacher with a degree in English, but only about a 40% chance of studying chemistry with a teacher who majored in chemistry.
