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(b) SEM cross-sectional image of our champion device.
(d) Sequential measurements of our champion device at 71 days under constant illumination for ~15 min.
Using a typical planar structure of FTO/NH4F-TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au, the champion device achieves a power conversion efficiency of 15.61%.
The champion device based on Zn2SnO4 electron transport material achieves a power conversion efficiency of 17.21%, while the device based on TiO2 electron transport material gets an efficiency of 14.83% under the same experimental conditions.
(c) Performance of our champion device (different from the one in a and b) over time, including the certification data from NREL.
As a consequence, the champion device based on the modified c-TiO2 (Al-TiO2) via spinning 0.7 wt% Al(NO3 3 solution drastically yields an enhanced power conversion efficiency of 14.75% as well as enjoys superior device stability compared to its counterpart based on bare c-TiO2.
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We demonstrate champion devices having a power conversion efficiency of 8.13% and 8.43% for conventional and inverted architectures respectively.
The mp-TiO2 scattering layer was only used for champion devices that were certified.
To further demonstrate the device characteristics, photocurrent density of the champion devices from each group based on EDTA, SnO2, and E-SnO2 was measured when the devices were biased at 0.85, 0.89, and 0.92 V, respectively.
The PCEs of the champion devices using the EDTA, SnO2, and E-SnO2 stabilize at 16.34%, 18.67%, and 21.67% with photocurrent densities of 19.22, 20.98, and 23.55 mA cm−2, respectively, very close to the values measured from the J V curves.
Orton won over Ann Wigman, an early pioneer in the raw-food movement, who went on to champion his device, and even sold it to dental offices, which use it to dry those plaster of Paris molds of your teeth.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com