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With an average of 108 ml/min fresh gas flow applied to each chamber, expired CO2 was measured from each mouse by sampling individual chamber outflow gases.
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Our studies have assessed the haemodynamic performance of the dual pumping device during biventricular assistance (BiVAD) and total artificial heart (TAH) support, whilst assessing the ability to simultaneously alter the left/right heart chamber outflows successfully.
We then progressively increased the flow by 3.75 cm.s-1 every three minutes until the fish touched a mesh screen at the chamber's outflow end.
In Prickle1 mutants, heart chambers and outflow tracts were developed at E14.5 (Fig. 2A).
The basic anatomical plan of the fish heart is an S-shaped arrangement of four cardiac chambers: a sinus venosus, an atrium, a ventricle, and an outflow chamber or tract.
Restoration of the growth conditions was effected by continued dilution of the downstream chamber with the outflow of the upstream chamber.
During this condition, the soluble contents of the lens leak into the anterior chamber and obstruct trabecular outflow.
Preload and afterload (measured using in-line physiological pressure transducers: SP 844 Transducer, MEMSCAP Inc., NC, USA) were varied by changing the height, above the mid-level of the heart, of the preload chamber and the aortic outflow tubing, respectively.
Based on three-chamber and left-ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) cine images, breath-hold through-plane phase-contrast CMR acquisitions were performed at the level of the LVOT.
The EPPCV converts the electric input signal into a spool displacement, which changes air flow rate of injecting or outflowing the chamber in real time.
In the pneumatic pressure signal generator [16], electro-pneumatic proportional directional valve was used to control the air-flow rates of injecting and outflowing the chamber to regulate the pressure.
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