This warrants caution in relying solely on symptoms or other patient-related outcomes without small-bowel biopsies in gluten challenge research projects.
It would thus be advisable in gluten challenge research projects, to use two separate continuous readout parameters in assessing gluten-dependent functional mucosal changes, i.e. the morphological Vh/CrD and the inflammatory IEL changes, as opposed to applying a simplified grouped classification.
The machine will become a magnet for the world's most advanced and challenging scientific research projects.
The project is coordinated by the TZW Water Technology Center providing large experience with challenging multinational research projects as well as with fruitful SinoGerman cooperation e.g. within the Yangtze project [1, 18 20].
This factor is illustrated by a rapid rise in research and development in OSS technology, with the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation BMGFfundinging 16 "Reinvent the Toilet Challenge" (RTTC) research projects worldwide since 2011, with the second round of grants totaling nearly US$3.4 million in 2012 (Global Development Program, 2014).
While the schools differ in many ways, their course offerings resemble A.P. classes in content and rigor; they have stellar college placement; and the best of them expose their pupils to independent study, challenging internships and individual research projects.
To find out how ethics committees are likely to decide about clinically relevant research projects challenging current research ethics rules, we used three fictitious research projects (vignettes).
REC chairpersons' opinions on three imaginary cases of clinical research projects challenging current research ethics rules (vignettes) were requested with a questionnaire; 18 of the 22 interviewed chairpersons responded.
We studied i) whether the distinction has been an issue in Finland (using expert interviews) and ii) how ethics committees are likely to decide about clinically relevant research projects challenging current research ethics rules, using three fictitious cases (vignettes).
Still, lactation doesn't come easily to all new mothers [ 17], and post-partum tiredness and fatigue can make participation in research projects challenging [ 18].
