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Unfortunately, it is a challenging reaction to push to high yields.
Glycosylation is a crucial modification of many secondary metabolites, but is a challenging reaction to perform at a larger scale.
However, their application as general catalysts for the preparation of amines is hampered by a limited substrate scope, substrate and (co product inhibition and difficulties associated with displacing challenging reaction equilibrium.
DNA assembly via the near-infrared silver cluster is hindered in dilute solutions, but hybridization facilitates the cluster transformation under these challenging reaction conditions.
The use of ortho-xylylenediamine 1 serves the dual function of displacing challenging reaction equilibria towards product formation while generating intensely colored by-products, which has allowed the development of liquid-phase and colony-based assays.
The direct addition of water to C=C bonds is a highly attractive transformation, yielding (chiral) alcohols.[ 1] However, the enantioselective addition of water to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl (Michael) acceptors still represents a chemically very challenging reaction,[ 2] due to the poor nucleophilicity of water and its small size, which make regio- and stereoinduction difficult.
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This conversion involves thermodynamically challenging reactions catalyzed by P450 enzymes and redox reactions catalyzed by Aldo-Keto Reductases (AKRs).
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases are able to catalyse a range of synthetically challenging reactions ranging from hydroxylation and demethylation to sulfoxidation and epoxidation.
The catalytic diversity of MNHEs, which comprises chemically challenging reactions such as hydroxylation, desaturation, C C bond breakage and ring closure, parallels and complements the versatility of the heme containing P450 enzymes [1,2].
Constructs consisting of decellularized vein grafts filled with spider silk as nerve guidance material showed complete biodegeneration over time without challenging tissue reaction [18].
A challenge reaction produces an entirely different set of responses.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com