The benign clinical behaviour challenges the indication for surgery, which results in loss of renal mass in patients with already compromised renal function.
Moreover, as centers that applied this technique as rescue therapy for refractory hypoxemia recognized its strength and limited technical challenges, the indications for ECMO have recently been extended.
The management of antithrombotic treatment in the very elderly with an indication for warfarin is challenging, due to the need to balance carefully the risk of thromboembolism with that of hemorrhage.
The study goal was to improve arterial pressure not cardiac output because the indication for fluid challenge was hypotension.
Indication for surgical treatment can be challenging in case of the most common symptoms; headache and vertigo which are both subjective and common.
Dispensing claims do not detail clinical information, including indication for use, which poses challenges given doses of opioids vary depending on the nature of the pain being managed.
Challenging for biographers?
One of the most difficult methodological challenges in pharmacoepidemiological studies is to control for the underlying indication for the drugs being studied.
Confounding by indication is a major challenge in pharmacoepidemiological studies, because it is difficult to disentangle the indication for the treatment from the underlying disease.
However, this is practically challenging, since access to portal venous and hepatic venous blood is ethically justified only in persons with a clinical indication for TIPS placement.
