Nevertheless, resounding scandals are challenging this conception.
Recent research has challenged this conception, demonstrating excess mortality associated with high levels of infection, implying that loiasis warrants attention as an intrinsic public health problem.
Evidence from motor-and sensory-evoked potentials [ Avenanti et al., 2005, 2007; Bufalari et al., 2007] as well as magnetoencephalography [ Betti et al., 2009; Cheng et al., 2008] has challenged this conception.
Similarly, if conditions such as anxiety or depression can be alleviated by an individual addressing the root of his or her struggle, this challenges the conception of anxiety or depression as a potentially arbitrary chemical imbalance that can only be improved by further altering one's brain chemistry with prescription medications on a daily basis.
However, Sarasvathy and Simon have challenged this established conception by bringing up the question: "Where do we find rationality when the environment does not independently influence outcomes or even rules of the game (Weick 1979), the future is truly unpredictable (Knight 1921), and the decision-maker is unsure of his/her own preferences (March 1982)" (Sarasvathy and Simon 2000, p. 5).
Because of the breadth of the topic, this article can offer only an overview, but perhaps it will be enough to give some idea how philosophically rich and challenging the conception of the emotions was in this period.
In response, Paul D. Clement, representing 26 states challenging the law, said this conception of federal power amounts to "a revolution in the relationship between the central government and the governed".
As noted above and in Table 3, many of these experts challenged the conception of overdiagnosis as a harm, and used this to justify their support for both guidance and limited information.
Yet these three authors — who each have a new book coming out this month in what can only be described as a Seussian coincidence ("But, see! We are as good as you. Look! Now we have new books, too!") — challenged the conception of what a children's book should be.
While there are several "flavors" of embodied cognitive theory, all challenge the conception of human cognition as amodal and abstract, uncoupled from the concrete world.
We need to challenge the conception of violence as a viable means of resolving conflict and solving problems.
