However, identifying this pattern of activity in a conventional EEG recording is challenging in the presence of HYPS due to the abundance of epileptiform discharges with varying focality and morphology [28].
Accurate localisation of the trachea is challenging in the presence of obesity, a short thick neck, prior irradiation or neck surgery, neck masses and any thoracic pathology causing tracheal deviation.
Verifying the identity of a person using handwritten signatures is challenging in the presence of skilled forgeries, where a forger has access to a person's signature and deliberately attempt to imitate it.
Understanding the patient's wishes can be challenging in the presence of cognitive impairment.
Design optimization for the selection of dynamic models proves especially challenging in the presence of non-linear behavior (Balsa-Canto et al., 2008; Kitano, 2002).
Species tree estimation is challenging in the presence of incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), which can make gene trees different from the species tree.
Although it is easier to intubate with single-lumen endotracheal tubes and then deploy an endobronchial blocker, final placement of the blocker with bronchoscopic guidance may be challenging in the presence of copious blood in the airways.
Performing colorectal ESD is challenging in the presence of technically difficult lesions with severe fibrosis; recurrent lesions; lesions located at the bottom of the cecum, near the terminal ileum, and in the appendix; and large pedunculated polyps.
Even for physical techniques capable of measuring the distribution of products, such as chromatography, photobleaching, and mass spectrometry, characterization of conjugation distribution remains challenging in the presence of scaffold mass and structural dispersity.
This is referred to as a split read, and can be challenging in the presence of a high number of structural rearrangements, such as in cancers with chromothripsis [ 36].
