In addition, 1 case with false positive of invasion of mediastinal pleura was occured on MRI, which might be due to the challenge to distinguish tumor invasion from benign inflammatory pleural adhesion on imaging modalities.
Large meningiomas of the cerebellopontine angle present a formidable surgical challenge due to tumor vascularity, neural attachment, and brain stem compression.
Challenges related to tumor heterogeneity and possible application of NGS in treatment monitoring as well as application of NGS to detect circulating tumor DNA, including circulating cell-free DNA, are also described.
It has been a challenge to identify liver tumor suppressors or oncogenes due to the genetic heterogeneity of these tumors.
The challenge to identify stable tumor prognosis and predictive outcome markers remains critical in clinical cancer research.
However, the increasing complexity of the generated data and the plethora of bioinformatics methods and tools pose considerable challenges to both tumor immunologists and clinical oncologists.
Survival curves were generated by actuarial Kaplan Meier method and analyzed with the Jump-In software (SAS) with log-rank test for comparisons from the time of tumor challenge to when mice were sacrificed due to tumors reaching 14 mm in maximum diameter, or when the end of the study period had been reached.
A particular challenge to treat, the tumors are generally very heterogeneous, and thus, some cells may respond to treatment while others may not.
Radiotherapy (RT) is a mainstay treatment for many types of cancer, although it is still a large challenge to enhance radiation damage to tumor tissue and reduce side effects to healthy tissue.
Therefore, to more fully comprehend the mechanisms of GITR ligation therapy, we examined the effects of a single dose of DTA-1 at different time points post-tumor challenge to understand the consequences of ligation at distinct phases of the immune response.
