It is useful to contrast this conception of ren and the social arena in which it worked with the idea of jian ai or "impartial love" advocated by the Mohists who as early as the fifth century BCE posed the greatest intellectual challenge to Confucius' thought.
He saw this undesirable consequence as one of the main challenges to logical thought, i.e., "inference," being a source of knowledge (pramāṇa), for unless one can somehow rule out the problematic substitutions in what I have called the "tempting inference," we would be saddled with having to accept as good a huge number of singularly uninformative reasons.
"There aren't many fundraising campaigns that are so closely linked to the issue you're trying to change or eradicate," says Brown. "What social media allows us to do is capture people's experiences and for people taking the challenge to share their thoughts and experiences of living below the line".
Still, ADHD makes it challenging to organize thoughts and work through problems.
Because the result of this kind of interrogation, theoretical empirical knowledge, is so obviously fruitful, and also carries with it seemingly uncontentious norms of progress, its mere presence poses a legitimation challenge to a form of thought, and claim to knowledge, that is distinct from it.
The Android code is infuriatingly unstable, but the overriding message is one of rapid innovation and aggressive challenge to Apple's one-thought invulnerable crown.
He described it as "delightfully provocative" and a "real challenge" to the prevailing school of thought that it is institutions that shape economic history.
When referred to the theme of security, the latter remarks take on particular importance, above all when they appear to be nurturing a serious challenge to that consolidated tradition of thought going back to Weber's theory of the state, already mentioned earlier.
This is not the first challenge to the Diamond school of thought.
In the OVK program, attention is directed at becoming aware of one's thoughts, to recognize negative thoughts, to challenge those thoughts, and to change these negative thoughts into more realistic and optimistic ones.
