Sentence examples for challenge strains are from inspiring English sources
challenge with virulent type A and type B F. tularensis; however, protection against these strains remains limited when the challenge strains are delivered by the i.n.n
Although all three challenge strains are heterologous to the BHN97Δ ftsY vaccine, vaccination with BHN97Δ ftsY resulted in significant protection against sepsis and death for all challenges compared to mock vaccination (Fig 5A, C, E).
Additionally, 53 mecA/mecC-MRSA comprising hospital-, community and livestock-associated MRSA as well as 20 clinical coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) challenge strains were tested.
However, protection from a single dose Schu S4 ΔpurMCD vaccination was not notably better than in naïve animals when challenge strains were delivered via the i.n.n
E. coli O147 was demonstrated in faeces of that pig during day 1 to 3. From day 4 all 3 challenge strains were demonstrated and the pig developed diarrhoea.
In a parallel study testing all four serotypes, DENV-1 and DENV-2 challenge strains were selected based on infectivity (number of days of viremia) in flavivirus-naive NHP (data not shown).
The probes used to detect the two challenge strains were UK2000/7.1: Fam-CCACT +A AC +T GG +T CCTAG +G TG +G TTT-BHQ1 and CBR/93: Fam-CCACT +A AC +T GG +T CCTAG +G TG +G TTT-BHQ1
The sensitivity of the differential assays for the challenge strains were evaluated using a standard curve prepared from a serial 10-fold dilution of viral RNA from the corresponding viral strain that had been quantified using a pan-CSFV PCR [ 27].
Again, HA1-con is closest genetically when the vaccine and challenge strain are mismatched.
When the genetic distances from the mismatched vaccines to the challenge strain were calculated, the HA1-con was closest genetically with 4.8% divergence.
