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This is also much lower than the conventional Mch challenge procedure used to document hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic subjects, i.e., that of inhaling the agonist to TLC and holding one's breathe for 5 seconds.
The challenge procedure lasted for half a day.
BP: coordinated the challenge procedure, participated in analysis and interpretation of data.
(For more information on the methacholine challenge procedure please see the Supporting Information).
In only one subject, the mean BPND was lower after the more prolonged challenge procedure than at baseline.
It is possible that the challenge procedure itself might have altered the functions of populations of circulating eosinophils and neutrophils available for labelling.
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It could also challenge procedures for dealing with terminally ill animals in captivity.
A United States Supreme Court ruling last month made it easier for death row inmates to challenge procedures used in lethal injection, and legal cases across the country are questioning whether the methods cause unconstitutional pain and suffering.
Furthermore, standardisation of challenge procedures and regulatory guidance will help with the feasibility for using challenge models in clinical testing of new disease intervention strategies.
Any attempt to circumvent a judicial system designed to ensure a fair trial will be met with deserved scorn and would likely lead to additional delays as defendants challenge procedures designed specifically to relax evidentiary standards and restrict defence and public access to classified evidence.
Eighty-seven providedants provided baseline measures of anxiety vulnerability (i.e., anxiety sensitivity; unmasked/masked emotional Stroop task indices) and then underwent biological challenge procedures (inhalations of 20% carbon dioxide (CO2 -enriched air).
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