The need to be seen as likable can keep you from asking tough questions or challenging existing norms.
Institutions represent repeated patterns of behaviour, and may remain for decades not because they are the most efficient or equitable, but because the transaction costs of change (such as the financial cost of changing infrastructure, or the social cost of challenging existing norms and interests) are too high [ 12].
(Teacher, woman, FG teachers) Results from the study in Orellana did not support the conceptualization of AP as a way of challenging existing norms or a sign of increased girls' agency and freedom, such as some studies from other settings have evidenced (13, 69).
While initiating care for HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy, clinics and other health care agencies advocate behavioral practices that challenge existing cultural norms and spatial economies, particularly in the realm of nutrition and food access.
For now, the campaign has created a group of advocates and change makers in local communities, who will continue to challenge existing social norms around violence against children.
Because innovations often challenge existing educational structures and norms, there are expected challenges to any innovative school start-up effort.
These models carry local norms and practices to the international level where they challenge existing global approaches and stimulate new global governance institutions.
What is remarkable is that, even from a relatively small dataset, it is clear that women can play numerous different roles in either actively perpetuating, or challenging, existing drinking norms.
Plausible explanations are that women who are earn more or are more educated than their male partner in this context may be regarded as challenging existing gender norms, which increases the likelihood of exposure to abuse and the possibility, and also shown in other studies [ 59, 60].
