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But as soon as the organism dies the long chains of nucleotides begin to break down.
The language of just four chemical letters — adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine — comes in the form of enormous chains of nucleotides.
Ribozymes consist of linear chains of nucleotides that fold in specific ways to form unique surfaces, similar to the ways in which proteins fold.
Using this information, Watson and Crick came up with their now-famous model showing DNA as a double helix composed of two intertwined chains of nucleotides, in which the adenines of one chain are linked to the thymines of the other, and the guanines in one chain are linked to the cytosines of the other.
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And when, sometime in the future, a detailed map of the variations in human DNA -- individual point mutations, called single nucleotide polymorphisms or SNP's, in the chain of nucleotides that forms a strand of DNA -- becomes available, investigators will be able to directly compare specific chromosomal variations in people affected by an illness and in healthy subjects.
Immediately, Dr. Taubenberger and his colleagues were struck by an oddity: the chain of nucleotides that coded for the amino acids in the protein were arranged differently from those found in any other bird flu.
Each DNA molecule consists of a double chain of nucleotides.
Hence, the linear sequence of nucleotides in one chain of nucleotides in a DNA molecule is complimentary to the linear sequence of nucleotides in the other chain of the DNA molecule.
DNA is composed of a chain of nucleotides, of which there are four types: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T).
Like DNA, RNA is assembled as a chain of nucleotides, but unlike DNA it is more often found in nature as a single-strand folded unto itself, rather than a paired double-strand.
The chemical structure of RNA is very similar to that of DNA, but differs in three main ways: Unlike double-stranded DNA, RNA is a single-stranded molecule in many of its biological roles and has a much shorter chain of nucleotides.
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