Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigSuggestions(1)
Exact(5)
Some research suggests that the trust comes from recommendations along the chain of certificates by those certificate issuers [33]; but the practice of digital certification and validation in real PKI systems suggests that the trust comes from compliance with certain certificate policies.
In 2010, the Electronic Frontier Foundation studied the security certificates residing on public Web servers to compile the first comprehensive inventory of certificate issuers called the SSL Observatory.
The foundation last year found evidence of 55 cases of hacking into the systems of security certificate issuers, he said, most of which were never reported publicly.
Last week, the DigiNotar hacker identified himself as "Comodohacker" on a Web bulletin board, and boasted that he had also penetrated the systems of four other certificate issuers.
The person who claimed responsibility for the attack had asserted namelessly that he was a 21-year-old Iranian student who had hacked several other security certificate issuers, and was cooperating with the Iranian government.
Similar(54)
That also makes it the largest certificate issuer in the world, by far.
The "check mark" beside a certificate's field is an indication that the certificate issuer has assurance of the veracity of that field.
And as it's grown, the certificate issuer has become trusted by the major players — including Apple, Google, Microsoft, Oracle and more.
When revocation is initiated due to key compromise or misbehaviour of the corresponding node, the certificate issuer sends a message to all nodes stating that such a certificate has been revoked.
A depositary receipt is a certificate that signifies ownership of a foreign share; the underlying shares are physically held by a trustee in the certificate issuer's home market.
A European certificate issuer might target the elimination of child abuse in order to protect a vulnerable group and mandate a ban on child labor.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com