More generally, it would be good for the authors to predict, for example, with how much certainty their validation method will detect a false positive selected from a high-throughput screening.
What will validation validate?
Instead of considering biomarkers as providing certainty through referent criterion validation, currently it makes more sense to test their construct validity and their predictive ability.
If control/certainty-hungry perfectionism rings the bell and you don't like the sound of it, allow yourself to recognize that hunger for control and certainty (just like hunger for approval, validation, reflection, and attention) is a normal part of who we are.
[ 18] For uses requiring a high certainty that diagnoses are correct, external validation, which confirms the actual presence of a disease [ 18], using objective measures such as pulmonary function tests for COPD is necessary.
The development of a standardised tool to assign patients with suspected melioidosis into categories based on variable degrees of diagnostic certainty was an important component of the external model validation.
Similarly, it could be excluded with the same certainty in 49 (39%) of the 125 patients of the validation group.
As shown in Figure 5A, for the 19-gene model, high and low-risk tumors in the combined training set corresponded with high degree of statistical certainty with high and low-risk tumors respectively in the validation set (Table S1).
These extensive validation steps allow us a high level of certainty that the antibody used is specific to PRDX1 in all techniques used throughout the study.
Once the certainty level was reached, the Circle was the main source of validation for teen participants.
