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To be certain that the effects of PTIO on B31/B32 are direct, we examined the effect of PTIO on isolated, cultured B31/B32 neurons (Fig. 3).
In order to make certain that the effects on PPARγ were not due to effects of external LPA or PA on G protein-coupled receptors and to learn whether DAG might be playing a role in the observed effects, we added LPA, PA, or dioctanoyl glycerol to the culture medium (Fig. 4).
As with all observational studies, we cannot be certain that the effects we observed are causally related to the use of statins.
In addition, there are not enough studies on the effect of non-pharmacological interventions on inflammatory biomarkers in healthy individuals, and we are unable to compare these effects and be certain that the effects reported here are related to FM.
To be certain that the effects of any preconception intervention will be achieved by the time the ovum is fertilized, the interval between starting the intervention and conception must be adequate.
Correspondingly, absorbance was monitored to make certain that the effects that were seen with regard to ATP levels were not a function of variations in cell count across the various conditions.
Similar(53)
For example, data collection could stop once it was 95% certain that the effect size was within or outside the limits of equivalence.
Thus, it is not at all certain that the effect of AG1714 and AG1801 reported here is related to the inhibition of protein tyrosine kinases(s).
In particular, the inconsistency in institutions submitting data to TARN over the last 20 years means it is difficult to be certain that the effect observed is not simply due to incomplete data collection.
We can not be certain that the effect on survival we observed (shown in Figure 5b) is due to the differential protein levels between the differentiated and starved cells in the two cell lines, or to the overall two-fold elevated levels of HSP90α in the HC11-HSP90α HC11-HSP90α
Generalized, the argument seems to be that if one knows that one is an agent (and again it was taken for granted by the early theologians that humans are agents), then one must know the effects of his action, and yet one knows that the effects of certain actions are in others, as in the case of beating and so causing pain.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com