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So it turns out that normativity (contra Kant) always consists of conditional imperatives: if, and only if, one endorses a certain normative point of view, determined by its basic norm, then the norms that follow from it are reason giving, so to speak.
Like so many of his contemporaries, he practiced what the political historian Tony Judt calls a system of "double-entry moral bookkeeping": "an insistence upon certain normative values" combined with "the subsequent refusal to recognize their application in selected cases".
Depending on these categories, a certain (normative) behaviour is usually expected from the driver.
Any consequentialist theory must accept the claim that I labeled 'consequentialism', namely, that certain normative properties depend only on consequences.
First, normative competence is "other-directed" in that "it makes certain normative characteristics of the agent present to others".
The representation theorems show that if preferences meet certain structural axioms, then if they also meet certain normative axioms, they are as if they follow expected utility.
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To say that meaning/content is essentially (ME/CE or MD/CD) normative is to say that meaning/content is essentially such that certain norms are valid, or in force, whenever something has meaning/content.
Differences in interpretation notwithstanding, Wang Bi and Guo Xiang converge in recognizing the place of certain basic normative patterns and principles in the order of nature, and the need to ensure that they do not deviate from it.
In response to James Anderson's (1985) suggestion that Levinson's proposal could be amplified with reference to Wolterstorff's ideas about norm-kinds, Levinson (1990) expresses reservations about the latter, but adds that the notion that the artist makes certain features normative for a work helps explain in what 'indicating' a structure consists.
Similarly, it is argued, to say that applying 'green' to a green object is correct, is to say that the application has a certain non-normative property (the expression applies truly) but it is also to make the higher-order statement that the application possesses the feature that makes it correct in a normative sense.
The effect is to maintain a certain challenge to normative liberalism, but on rather different terms than before.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com