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Colo-rectal surgery is related to a certain mortality and morbidity especially in old patients.
Whether control of inflammation with adalimumab decreases certain mortality risks, such as cardiovascular disease 42– 44 and use of steroids, 45 46 is yet to be determined.
In patients with trauma, failure of more than four organs is linked to certain mortality, highlighting the need for interventions that may reduce or prevent the deterioration in organ injury and function (Fry et al., 1980).
Still, given the almost certain mortality of refractory cardiogenic shock, a subgroup of cardiac surgical patients will clearly benefit from ECMO; the difficulty lies in identifying this group of patients in a timely fashion.
Splenectomy can be considered in patients refractory to drug treatment, but the procedure involves substantial morbidity as well as a certain mortality risk and, therefore, patient selection is important.
In terms of the generalisability of HDSS data to wider national populations, empirical comparisons with Demographic and Health Survey† (DHS) data have shown that population composition and certain mortality risk factors identified in HDSSs are broadly applicable to regional and national populations (26– 26).
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Results were robust under sensitivity analyses, but we could not be certain that mortality was identically defined in both databases.
However, a higher proportion of deaths than cases are coded to 'site unspecified', indicating that diagnostic accuracy is less certain for mortality than incidence.
Based on observations that for certain cancers, mortality varies according to sun exposure, vitamin D has been proposed to influence on disease progression.
Comparability and representativity of HDSS populations in Ethiopia with the nation as a whole have been explored to a certain extent; mortality trends have been comparable (17), but the benefits of living in an HDSS site on health status have not been investigated.
Contour lines represent how a certain level of mortality proceeds over age with time; since they show no erratic fluctuations, they indicate that low mortality levels successively reach older ages.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com