But according to demographers and other experts, this much is certain: commuters who work in New York City earn far more, on average, than city residents who work in the city.
Certain European commuters will soon be able to shave about 20 minutes off their morning travel times thanks to speeds of almost 200 miles per hour aboard Eurostar's Paris-London train.
If certain types of commuters tend to live together, this could affect individual social participation; it could also thereby influence the social capital from a societal perspective.
Another complication, the specialists add, is pressure from state and local governments to use freight tracks for commuter trains at certain times of the day.
New Jersey's governor, Jon S. Corzine, has proposed spending $150 million a year to attract larger businesses that promise to create at least 200 jobs in certain urban areas served by commuter train lines.
Certain heavily flown peak-hour commuter flights, generally in the early morning and late afternoon, aren't available.
In a section of the report called sentiment analysis, the authors set out to determine the level of frustration (or in rare cases, joy) commuters felt in certain situations and locations or at certain times of day.
Although a certain number of the reverse commuters work in large office complexes in cities like White Plains, Stamford and other suburban cities, there also seem to be many who work in low-wage jobs like housekeeping.
They are also considering charging commuters fees in certain congested areas.
