In summary, as PKI is currently practiced, trust in a certification authority (CA) with respect to issuing and maintaining valid public key certificates is based on the CA's conformance with certain certificate policies.
Some research suggests that the trust comes from recommendations along the chain of certificates by those certificate issuers [33]; but the practice of digital certification and validation in real PKI systems suggests that the trust comes from compliance with certain certificate policies.
An article on Sunday about the Social Security Administration's rejection of certain marriage certificates as proof of identity -- those issued in communities that allowed gay marriage ceremonies -- referred incorrectly to the same-sex marriage affidavits used by the office of Mayor Jason West of New Paltz, N.Y.
An obligation on an entity in the electricity supply chain, to purchase a certain number of certificates within a certain period, Setting a fixed price at which the certificates can be sold to a certain actor, A tendering process aiming at buying the certificates, Voluntary demand.
An obligation on an entity in the electricity supply chain, to purchase a certain number of certificates within a certain period, 2.
At $1 billion (revenues Bloomberg Financial Markets of New York, every one of the financial information companys 4,000 employees is given a certain number of certificates each year.
Back in early May, Microsoft started shippin' around an update that blocked certain fake SSL certificates that could potentially be used for various dastardly deeds — we're guessing that update and this update are one in the same.
Delta had asked a few bondholders to allow it to buy back certain equipment trust certificates, so as to remove contractual restrictions on its ability to purchase or hold such securities–and hopefully to restructure beyond the stifling walls of bankruptcy court.
And last month Britain launched a scheme called "cyber-essentials" under which firms can apply for a certificate showing they comply with certain minimum security standards.
Other costs are also met in full, for example the cost of any doctors' certificates and certain travel expenses.
