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It reduces the cerebral swelling that leads to brain cells dying off, for example.
Cerebral swelling can occur following head injury, and in most reported cases of second-impact syndrome described, it is unclear whether diffuse cerebral swelling observed at autopsy was due to a solitary hit or multiple hits to the head.
Skull removal to address cerebral swelling for traumatic brain injury and severe stroke first became widespread in the 1970s.
Second-impact syndrome is a very rare condition characterized by diffuse cerebral swelling, potentially culminating in death, that is thought to occur when an individual sustains a second concussion when not fully recovered from the first one.
Finally, two patients had long-lasting cerebral inactivity based on EEG in whom a brain CT showed diffuse cerebral oedema indicative for extensive cerebral swelling.
However, evidence suggests that fluid accumulation, which could potentially increase cerebral swelling, may be associated with an increase in the incidence of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with TBI1.
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Other factors in secondary injury are changes in the blood flow to the brain; ischemia (insufficient blood flow); cerebral hypoxia (insufficient oxygen in the brain); cerebral edema (swelling of the brain); and raised intracranial pressure (the pressure within the skull).
Coma and seizures represent the most advanced stage; cerebral edema (swelling of the brain tissue) leads to death.
The blood brain barrier becomes more permeable, leading to "vasogenic" cerebral edema (swelling of the brain due to fluid leakage from blood vessels).
Hypertonic saline can improve ICP by reducing the amount of cerebral water (swelling), though it is used with caution to avoid electrolyte imbalances or heart failure.
Small children with DKA are relatively prone to cerebral edema (swelling of the brain tissue), which may cause headache, coma, loss of the pupillary light reflex, and progress to death.
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