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Lastly, with regards to the newly developed radioligand [18F]MNI-659, the 2TCM could not properly describe the [18F]MNI-659 cerebellar time activity curve if fractional blood volume (vB) was fixed to the value found for the whole brain.
Reduction of cerebellar-dependent delay eyeblink conditioning [ 23] reflects impaired cerebellar time processing in schizophrenia.
The cerebellar time activity curve between 75 120 min post-injection was estimated by fitting an exponential function from 50 min onwards.
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First, our initial analysis of these data revealed that the cerebellar time-activity curve (TAC) could not be explained by the two-tissue compartment model (2TCM) without fitting of the fractional blood volume.
In contrast, the current study proposes that "in long time scale cerebellar timing, it is the interaction between the PC and INs that shapes the waveform of activation in the PC".
The current study examined the possible roles of long and short time scales in cerebellar timing by constructing a model cerebellum with a fairly complete circuit (with MF, CF, Gr-Gg, PC-IN, DCN and IO modules) and implementing the two signaling pathways (AMPAR, mGluR pathways) in the PC-IN pairs.
This cerebellar timing theory, in which the cortex controls the timed discharge of DCN activity, is consistent with cerebellar cortical lesion studies where maladaptively timed CRs occur after ablation [12] and pharmacological [13], [14] cerebellar cortical lesions.
Although this cerebellar timing explanation is widely accepted, the mechanism for the appropriately timed responses of PCs and DCN neurons is not yet known.
To hypothesize that detailed examination of early cerebellar volumes in time would distinguish differences in cerebellar growth associated with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and white matter injury in preterm infants.
Astrogliosis becomes prominent at these same sites by the time cerebellar development is complete.
The contributions of cortico-cerebellar and cortico-striatal circuits to timing and time perception have often been a point of contention.
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