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This task was free operant, and rats had to alternately visit two sites at which rewards could be obtained (food site and water site, centre angle 45°) via a home-base circle (40 cm in diameter) where a tone (8 kHz) was presented upon entry (Fig. 1C).
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The centre angled slightly to the right, dragging the Irish cover with him before shipping the ball back against the grain for full-back Kevin Morgan to provide the coup de grace.
Lateral centre edge angle was not associated with hip structure.
Current body mass index, weight and weight gain were associated with increased acetabular depth and lateral centre edge angle (all P ≤ 0.01).
Acetabular over-coverage has commonly been assessed by two measures: acetabular depth and the lateral centre edge angle (LCEA) [ 16, 18].
Acetabular depth and lateral centre edge angle, both measures of acetabular over-coverage, as well as femoral head cartilage volume, cartilage defects and bone marrow lesions were assessed with 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging performed in 2009 to 2010.
Increased acetabular depth, but not the lateral centre edge angle, is associated with reduced femoral head cartilage volume and an increased risk of cartilage defects and bone marrow lesions.
Acetabular coverage may also be assessed by measuring the lateral centre-edge angle (CEA).
In a hip with normal anteversion, the line of the anterior wall lies medial to the line of the posterior wall, while the line of the posterior wall crosses the line of the anterior wall in acetabular retroversion Open image in new window Fig. 2 Centre-edge angle (CEA) measurement on an AP pelvis X-ray.
A centre-edge angle ≤ 20° is an absolute contra-indication for acetabular rim trimming.
In one prospective cohort, well-adjusted, high quality analysis, acetabular undercoverage of the femoral head (a low centre-edge angle) was associated with structural progression or THR [ 148].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com