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In France, the classic example of a centralized administrative system, some members of local government are appointed by the central government, whereas others are elected.
The constitution left untouched many aspects of the French governmental structure, notably the centralized administrative system inherited from Napoleon I, the hierarchy of courts and judges, and the Concordat of 1801, governing church-state relations.
The Constitution of Cadiz gave Spain a strictly limited monarchy (the king must work through his responsible ministers), a single-chamber parliament with no special representation for the church or the nobility, and a modern centralized administrative system based on provinces and municipalities.
Poor communication took several forms and appeared compounded by a centralized administrative system and insufficient forums where working relationships could be discussed.
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In KNH context, centralized administrative systems were often cadre-specific.
As for local organization, some centralized administrative systems do not support the implementation of this principle, as will be demonstrated by the Israeli case study.
In addition, critical analysis of power relationships in centralized administrative systems suggests the irresponsibility and apathy observed among staff in such a system can be addressed by promoting a wider diffusion of power and responsibility through democratization of institutional activities [ 37].
1431 Ayutthaya, Thailand 1488 Phitsanulok, Thailand Trailok, also called Borommatrailokanat (born 1431, Ayutthaya, Siam [now Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Thailand] died 1488, Phitsanulok) eighth king of Siam (Thailand; 1448 88), who established a centralized political and administrative system, the outlines of which lasted until the late 19th century.
China's rural health system has shown great resilience when facing outside forces because it has a strong, centralized, and hierarchical administrative system and the healthcare facilities are publicly owned.
In the KNH context, poor teamwork could be attributed to the lack of role clarity, hierarchical relationships, a centralized and cadre-specific administrative system, poor communication, and insufficient fora where working relationships could be discussed.
As public health care facilities and workers increasingly operated in a market, the strong, centralized, and hierarchical heath care administrative system played an important role in maintaining system resilience.
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