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One measure of the centrality of testing under his leadership: From 2001 to 2008, the city's Office of Accountability, which created and implements the school report card system and helps schools analyze student data to pinpoint areas of weakness, grew to about 110 people from about two dozen, according to Education Department numbers.
Given the centrality of testing and data on the education landscape, it is hard to imagine how the state could even begin to make the changes Brown suggests without significantly dismantling the elaborate edifice of "accountability" reforms California and the nation have erected over the past decade or more.
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Owing to the dependent nature of centrality measures, testing for an association between network position and exam performance is not completely straightforward.
We conclude that none of the single centrality measure tested can predict essential genes in a statistically significant way.
The relationships between level of frugivory and proportion of interactions, and between level of frugivory and betweenness centrality, were tested with Kruskal-Wallis tests.
For each of the four centrality metrics we test the null hypothesis that coauthorship centrality distributions of papers in P ↑ ( t ) and P ↓ ( t ) are the same against the alternative hypothesis that the centrality distribution of papers in P ↑ ( t ) is stochastically larger than that of papers in P ↓ ( t ).
Additionally, to address the problem of multiple comparisons, the nodal centralities were tested on whether they survived a false discovery rate (FDR) threshold of q = 0.05.
Another trend we observed was that the prevalences of the different types were correlated with the centrality of the unit where the patient tested positive.
We quantify this trend by the coefficient of determination R 2 between the average outbreak size in the simulation and various measures of the centrality of the unit where the patient tested positive.
This constraint tests whether the Katz centrality of a node is greater than the user defined threshold value or not.
The centrality of the ACC was significantly lower in the UHR offspring than that in the HR offspring (permutation test, p = 0.006).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com