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Thus, a hybrid approach of centralized and decentralized approach was considered to trade-off central negotiation costs and spectrum loss.
It allows a flexible tradeoff between spectrum loss and central negotiation costs.
In order to flexibly control the tradeoff of these costs, we propose a method for reducing the number of signal collisions by introducing a simple central negotiation mechanism suitable for the "spectrum pooling" concept.
This broke an agreement enforced by FISA for a single central negotiation of television rights.
Second, the commitments were developed by each nation for itself, in a series of Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs); not dictated by some central negotiation.
Similar(55)
When the Czechs led a European summit meeting in Brussels in June, aimed at overcoming Irish resistance to the Lisbon Treaty, they were sidelined at central negotiations, which were conducted mainly by Germany and France, European diplomats said.
Actions in the past 12 months include £900m saved through central negotiations, a government property group being formed, people appointed to manage the biggest suppliers on behalf of all of central government, and measures put in place to save £3bn a year on common goods and services, such as office supplies and IT equipment.
This study assumes wages to be exogenous since the most wages are determined by central negotiations between the labour unions and the Dutch National Association of Hospitals.
This system of obligatory voluntarism works (so far), because the Dutch health care system has a long tradition of central negotiations by national representatives who have a mandate to make binding decisions.
She's right in line with Labour and, indeed, cross-party London on fiscal and social policy devolution, saying that securing this would be the subject of a "key negotiation" with central government.
Norway's main union organization agreed last week to a basic 4percentt pay increase in 1990 as a result of central wage negotiations.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com