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Here, we geocoded population data for cities using a single, central latitude and longitudinal point with 2 to 8 significant figures depending on the geocoding database used.
Where no spatial coordinates were originally provided with a species record, but a specific site was listed in the study (e.g. Oceanographer Canyon, NE Channel), a central latitude and longitude was assigned to those records in order to include them within the appropriate site.
The information recorded for each detected fire includes its central latitude and longitude, and a measure of its intensity, known as the fire radiative power (FRP, in MW).
If a city was listed, we took its geographical central latitude and assumed that there would not be sufficient variation in latitude within a city to justify using its population centroid.
We used linear regression models to determine whether the monthly number of poultry H5N1 outbreaks and number of human H5N1 cases were negatively associated with mean monthly temperature and precipitation (e.g., after accounting for the absolute value of each country's central latitude [ 19 ] and 2-way interactions) (22 ).
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Spatially, the monthly averages through the country vary with a relative standard deviation of up to 4% with respect to the country averages; in general, higher GHI is found in the south and north regions of Qatar, except at the northern tip of the country, and lower values are found mainly in the central latitudes, close to the industrial areas.
Central latitudes and longitudes of cities/statistical areas, as presented by the USGS, are used to obtain the data on annual mean insolation and air temperature at specific geographical coordinates and regional elevation.
The site of the Pinus mugo trial was at Muddy Creek, Central Otago (latitude 44° 59′ 55″ S; longitude 168° 57′ 30″ E).
The experimental facility was located in central Italy (latitude 42°37 '40″N longitude 11°08 '87″E altitude 150 m).
Cattle used in this study were a subset of an experimental population, known as the Texas A&M McGregor Genomics Cycle 1 Population, located in central Texas (latitude: 31.3865, longitude: -97.4105) that consisted of 14 full-sibling F2 families produced by multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (ET) and founded by Nellore grandsires and Angus granddams.
This gives its central bank the latitude to ignore a sudden jump in the oil price.
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