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(i) The presence of the guiding bar in TR1 allows for the use of only path A, and this path allows only the oxidized C-terminal redox center to approach the N-terminal redox center for reduction to the exclusion of most other substrates.
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It is suggested that the active center for oxygen reduction is determined by the structure of the activated material.
Proton channel D is thought to be the only channel that is capable of both delivering protons to the reaction center for the reduction of oxygen and pumping protons across the membrane to drive ATP synthesis [18], [22], [23].
These data indicate that PfTR must use a mechanism that is independent of the C-terminal redox center for the reduction of DTNB.
The requirement for a fully intact C-terminal redox center for the reduction of macromolecular Trx in all of the different types of TRs is demonstrated by a complete loss of activity when the C-terminal redox center is eliminated by truncation of the enzyme as demonstrated by the data in Table 2.
We have constructed various mutants in the C-terminal redox center of mouse TR3 and PfTR and show that these enzymes can utilize a catalytic pathway that is independent of the C-terminal redox center for the reduction of various small molecule substrates.
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic studies have shown that the affinity of the Fe(II) center to the O2 mimic NO is strongly increased in the presence of substrate [48] demonstrating the 'activation' of the metal center for O2 reduction by substrate coordination.
The configuration of a conserved cysteine followed by an Sec (see fig. 2 D) is found in animal thioredoxin reductase, in which the two neighbor residues form a selenylsulfide bond that acts as a redox center for the reduction of the thioredoxin disulfide bond (Cheng et al. 2009).
However, the intrinsic complexity of biomaterials still makes it difficult to fully understand the reaction parameters affecting the reduction-sorption process (Deng and Ting 2005) even though some complexing groups (for Cr III)) and redox active centers for Cr VI) reduction could be deduced (Liu and Huang 2011).
In this approach, the reaction center is treated as an open system and the electron transfers between it and the surrounding electrode when the reaction center's electron affinity (for reduction) or ionization potential (for oxidation) matches the thermodynamic work function of the electrode.
By using the normal form theory and center manifold reduction for PFDEs developed by [23].
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