Increased susceptibility to the pore-forming cationic antimicrobial peptide moronecidin was also reported, most likely due to changes in cell wall architecture because of increased cellular volume and a decrease in cell wall rigidity (33 ).
The water ADC has previously been shown to be correlated with tumor cell density [27] [29] and has been used to monitor response to chemotherapy, where increased cell death (decreased cellular volume fraction) was associated with increased ADC [30] [34].
Although we currently lack a mechanistic explanation linking pRb loss to decreased cellular volume, we speculate that pRb loss could impinge upon checkpoints beyond the G1/S transition, specifically upon those that ensure that a cell does not progress to mitosis until it has achieved a certain volume.
Consistent with our finding that higher magnitude of LPS/TLR4 activation induces caspase-dependent apoptosis, microglia activated with higher dose of LPS alone exhibited morphological characteristics of typical apoptosis, including decreased cellular volume, condensation of chromatin and intact cytoplasmic membrane.
Cells undergoing apoptosis show typical, well-defined morphological changes characterized as rounding of the cell, shrinkage of pseudopods, decreased cellular volume, chromatin condensation (pyknosis), nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis) along with little or no ultrastructural reformations of organelles in the cytoplasm followed by plasma membrane blebbing, and ingestion by phagocytes [ 43, 44].
Recognition of the Moon's orbit and the concomitant variation of the gravity field, in particular, accounted for rhythmic increases and decreases of cellular volume in the plant system (tree-stem dilatation growth) which Dorda took for his working example.
During this period, cells within the clusters evolve to be more elongated, concomitant with a decrease in the cellular volume fraction of the clusters.
The significant decrease in ADC for cediranib treated animals likely resulted from a combination of decreased edema and decreased extravascular-extracellular space (increased cellular volume fraction), observed by DCE MRI (Figure 4).
Assuming a cellular volume of 2.5 mL per g DW the intracellular Val concentration decreased from approximately 400 to 160 μM while the AAA concentration decreased from 320 to 160 μM during degeneration.
