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The relays assist D2D pairs and cellular users to speed up their data transmissions with the implementation of network coding.
D2D communications allow proximate cellular users to communicate with each other directly under the control of base station (BS) with lower transmit power requirements.
Such direct D2D transmission enables proximate cellular users to share content directly, which reduces power consumption and improves transmission rates [4].
The interference from D2D users to cellular users can be managed from the power control mechanism; hence, the interference from cellular users to D2D users would be more critical to the D2D operation.
Therefore, the strategy of each D2D link d is to occupy the appropriate spectral resource of cellular users to increase the sum rate of its coalition, which is the set of transmission links that shares the same spectrum with d.
In order to show the convergence rate of our proposed algorithm, we set the number of cellular users to be 8 and 16 and vary the number of D2D pairs N from 4 20.
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where P D, P C denote the transmit power of D2D users and one cellular user, d iB and d CB represent the distance between the i-th D2D sender and cellular user to the BS, respectively.
So should Airtouch, if the Yankee Group, a Boston-based technology research group, is right and the number of cellular users triples to 47% of the population by 2005.
Here, N f2 U ¯ o is the number of cellular users accessing to the FAP (D > D th ) with open access.
In the inner region where the femtocell coverage area is smaller than the indoor area, some home users outside the femtocell coverage actually communicate with the MBS, while in the outer region where the femtocell coverage area is larger than the indoor area, the neighboring cellular users would like to connect to the open access FAP.
The delays, and the scarcity of phone lines, help explain why the number of mobile subscribers in Haiti climbed 150percentt last year compared with 1998, to about 25,000, enabling cellular phone users to account for more than a third of the nation's telephone customers.
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