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Meanwhile, when D2D pairs reuse the bandwidth resources being used by regular cellular users, the spectrum efficiency can be further improved.
The vertices (mathcal {V}) denote the communication links of the regular cellular users, the D2D pairs and the relays, while the edges (mathcal {E}) represent spectrum-sharing relationships among the communication links.
Players: (mathcal {N}) is the set of the regular cellular users, the D2D pairs, and the relays in the D2D communication network, which are the game players with N representing the number of all game players.
Unlike the time-slot allocation in open access, where the time fraction ρ i is dependent on the number of home users and cellular users, the time-slot allocation in the shared access optimizes η to maximize the network throughput T SA while satisfying QoS requirement.
Since the MBS transmits a data to some home users in inner region as well as U c cellular users including the neighboring cellular users, the average sum throughput of the neighboring cellular users is given as T c CA = ρ o T o CA, (52).
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Specifically, when the same time-frequency resource is shared between a single D2D pair and a cellular user, the optimization problem can be described as: begin{aligned} &mathop{max}limits_{{P_{n}},{P_{m}}} {log_{2}}left({1+{xi_{m}}}right) &mathop{min}limits_{{P_{n}},{P_{m}}} {log_{2}}left({1+xi_{n}^{text{no}}}right -{log_{2}}left({1+{xi_{n}right -{log_{2}}left} (4).
The strategy vector x of the cellular users partitions the cellular users into different coalitions.
Note that this strategy is a result of strong interference from the cellular users, but the outcome is a little bit different if the interference is weak, which can be seen from the analysis in the next section.
Because D2D communications occur in the uplink direction, cellular users, as the receiver of the downstream link communication, are not affected by D2D communication.
We do not compute the throughput of cellular users outside the four zones, since the throughput is not hardly affected by the femtocell access control, so it does not change the cellular user's preference on femtocell access.
Oracle databases are used by virtually every major Internet e-commerce site, and Ellison said the explosion of cellular users accessing the Net can only help the company's core business.
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