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Growing algae continuously renew the cellular surface area.
The only significant undetermined variable is the cellular surface area which is in contact with the intercellularly transported solutes, Ais.
Finally, to tackle the question of why cells actively tune shape at different growth stages, I systematically quantify changes in cellular dimensions across fluctuating environments in Chapter 7, and develop an ODE model explaining the trade-offs of cellular surface area and volume across nutrient conditions, revealing a global regulation of cellular physiology in fluctuating environments.
Also, cellular surface area of potato cells was recorded and related to moisture content by means of an empirical equation with in conjunction with SAFES methodology and Alat values at the two afore mentioned peaks, allowed to evaluate intra- and extracellular moisture contents.
The cilium is often thought of as an antenna [1], [3] that extends the cellular surface area, increasing the probability that a stimulus molecule will collide with a sensory receptor.
Nevertheless, cytoplasmic extensions, called microvilli, of the apical side of enterocytes and intestinal stem cells (Shanbhag and Tripathi, 2009) do increase the cellular surface area facing the gut lumen in both flies and mammals.
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(B) The bar graph represents the relative cellular flat surface area of J774A.1 cells treated with 47 μg/ml QDs coated with PEG-NH2 for 5 days (n = 50).
Moreover, the relative cellular flat surface area was measured with the Image-Pro-Plus software (Media Cybernetics, Rockville, MD, USA), and the results indicated that the average size per cell was reduced by approximately 20% compared to the control (Figure 1A,B, P < 0.05).
The continued extension and retraction of KC lamellipodia manifested itself as small fluctuations of cellular volume and surface area over time.
Baseline input parameters of the model were based on an "average" mammalian cell using the established, generic physiological parameters of cells (such as membrane surface area, cellular and organelle volumes, pH values in each compartment, membrane potentials, and lipid fractions in each compartment) [33, 39].
Unlike adult Müller cells, GFP expression in P8-12 Müller cells was weak and upon attachment, GFP expression declined further, a phenomenon possibly due to proliferation of primary Müller cells or loss of cellular connections and increased surface area in culture.
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